From 2001 to 2008, the Port of Oakland implemented MAPLA, an agreement on work agreements related to projects that included large infrastructure projects worth more than $1 billion on the port and included high targeted recruitment requirements. Due to the broad support of workers` and municipalities` representatives, the program has been implemented aggressively and is still in effect. AEAs give employers and workers flexibility in setting wages and conditions and allow them to enter into agreements that correspond to their workplace and individual preferences. AWAs offer employers and employees the opportunity to enter into an agreement that best meets the specific needs of each employee. An existing employee may not be required to sign an AWA. [11] The policy requires that each construction of subsidized projects be covered by a master-project contract negotiated between the credit rating agency and the Building and Construction Trade Council. Among the conditions laid down by the PLA is the requirement to work 30% of all working hours as part of the agreement between residents of low-income neighbourhoods. 10% of the total working time is reserved for vulnerable and hard-to-employ workers. An Australian Labour Agreement (AWA) was a kind of formalized individual contract negotiated between an employer and a worker in Australia that existed from 1996 to 2009. Employers could propose an AWA as a condition of employment. They were registered by labour counsel and did not require a dispute resolution procedure. These agreements only worked at the federal level. The AWAs were individual written agreements on the conditions of employment between the employer and the worker in Australia, in accordance with the 1996 Labour Relations Act.
An AWA could repeal conditions of employment in national or territorial laws, with the exception of those relating to occupational health protection, workers` compensation or training agreements. An AWA only had to meet Australia`s highest standard of fair payment and minimum conditions. The agreements were not obligated to introduce effective dispute resolution procedures and could not contain prohibited content. The agreements were no more than five years old; approved, encouraged and registered by the Employment Agency; Excluding a premium and prohibited trade union actions with regard to the details of the agreement for the duration of the agreement. The introduction of AWA has been a highly controversial topic of labour relations in Australia. In April 2007, the Sydney Morning Herald reported that it had received unpublished government tables showing that 27.8% of the agreements had eliminated the conditions that were to be protected by law. [12] [13] The tables were based on a sample of AWA agreements. [14] On March 19, 2008, the Senate passed a bill preventing the development of new AEA and introducing provisions for the transfer of AWAs workers into intermediate contracts. [18] A Community labour agreement is a formal and legally binding agreement on employment services negotiated between end-users of public or private works, the local construction council and the main contractors that cover certain projects under a geographically defined jurisdiction.